Ahmad Shah Durrani | Brief Biography
Ahmad Shah Durrani | Brief Biography
Ahmad Shah Durrani, also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali, was the founder of the Durrani Empire in the 18th century. He was born in 1722 in Multan, Punjab, in present-day Pakistan. His father, Muhammad Zaman Khan, was the chief of the Abdali tribe, and his mother was the daughter of the chief of the Popalzai tribe.
Ahmad Shah began his military career as a young man, fighting alongside his father and other tribal leaders in various battles against the Persian and Mughal empires. In 1747, he was declared the king of the Durrani Empire, which comprised of modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of India, Iran, and Central Asia.
Ahmad Shah was a skilled military leader and strategist, and under his leadership, the Durrani Empire expanded rapidly. He launched multiple campaigns to expand his territory, including the famous Battle of Panipat in 1761, which saw the defeat of the Maratha Empire and cemented the Durrani Empire as the dominant power in northern India.
Despite his military success, Ahmad Shah faced several challenges during his reign. He struggled to maintain control over the various tribes that made up his empire and faced internal dissent from some of his own family members. He also faced external threats from other empires, including the British Empire, which sought to expand its influence in the region.
Ahmad Shah Durrani died in 1772 in Kandahar, Afghanistan, and was succeeded by his son, Timur Shah Durrani. He is remembered as a legendary figure in Afghan and South Asian history, and his legacy continues to influence politics and society in the region to this day. 0 0 0.
Sources:
Akbar, M. J. (2011). The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict between Islam and Christianity. Routledge.
Barua, P. (2011). Afghanistan: The Durrani Empire. In The State at War in South Asia (pp. 68-82). University of Nebraska Press.
Dupree, L. (2011). Afghanistan. Princeton University Press.
Habib, I. (2016). Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. Princeton University Press.
Vogelsang, W. J. (2002). The Afghans. Wiley-Blackwell. ***
N.B. This article originally belongs to the book entitled ‘Brief Biographies of Eminent Generals and Conquerors’ by Menonim Menonimus.
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