Class 12 Floriculturist Solutions

October 8, 2026

Class 12 Floriculturist Solutions. Welcome to Floriculturist: Open Cultivation Solutions (Class XII)—your ultimate companion to mastering the vibrant world of commercial flower farming!

Table of Contents

Class 12 Floriculturist Solutions

Class XII

Menonim Menonimus

Menonimus Publishing

www.menonimus.com

Copyright

No part of this publication ‘Floriculturist: Open Cultivation’ may be reproduced, distributed, stored, transmitted, or used in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise—without prior written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations used for purposes such as review, criticism, or scholarly reference where permitted by applicable law.

This publication, including its text, explanations, questions, answers, examples, summaries, tables, and other original material, has been independently prepared by the author/publisher for educational and examination-preparation purposes.

Disclaimer

This book, Class 12 Floriculturist Solutions (Open Cultivation) (NSQF), has been prepared for educational and examination-preparation purposes. Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and usefulness of the content, examples, formats, and exercises. However, requirements and conventions may vary among educational boards, examinations, and institutions. Readers are advised to follow the latest official guidelines applicable to them.

The author and publisher do not guarantee any particular academic or examination result and shall not be responsible for any loss or consequence arising from the use of this book.

Preface to Class 12 Floriculturist Solutions

Welcome to Floriculturist: Open Cultivation Solutions (Class XII)—your ultimate companion to mastering the vibrant world of commercial flower farming!

Flowers do more than beautify our world; they drive a thriving global industry. Designed strictly in alignment with the NSQF curriculum, this book transforms complex agricultural concepts into simple, actionable insights. Whether you are learning how to manage soil health, master open-field cultivation techniques, or protect crops from pests, these pages provide the precise, step-by-step solutions and summaries you need to ace your examinations.

Let this guide (Class 12 Floriculturist Solutions) be the seed that helps your academic success and future career in floriculture bloom! Dive in, cultivate your skills, and watch your hard work grow into a bright future.

Menonim Menonimus

Menonimus Publishing

www.menonimus.com

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Class 12 Floriculturist Solutions

Unit 1: Cultivation of Commercial Flower Crops-I

Session 1: Cultivation of China Aster

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

For China aster cultivation, ………………… soil is best with a pH range of ………………

Ans: well-drained loamy soil; 6.0–7.5

In China aster application of FYM, ………………… tonnes and …………… NPK kg/ha are found beneficial.

Ans: 20–25 tonnes; 200:200:200

Individual flowers are harvested for making …………………… and ………………

Ans: garlands; bouquets

China aster is commonly propagated by …………………

Ans: seeds

For commercial cultivation of China aster, the seed rate requirement is ………………… kg/ha.

Ans: 1.0–1.5

B. Multiple Choice Questions

Optimum temperature range required for China aster during the day and night is ……………

(a) 20–30°C and 15–17°C

(b) 30–35°C and 17–19°C

(d) 35–40°C and 19–21°C

Ans: (a)

China aster can be planted at ………………… cm spacing.

(a) 20 × 20 or 35 × 35

(b) 25 × 25 or 40 × 40

(d) 30 × 30 or 45 × 45

Ans: (b)

Normal growing season of China aster is ……………………

(a) June–July and October–November

(b) February–March and July–August

(d) November–December and April–May

Ans: (a)

Yields of China aster is about ………………… tonnes/ha loose flowers.

(a) 14–16

(b) 18–20

(d) 22–25

Ans: (b)

A serious insect pest of China aster is …………

(a) Aster beetle (Epicauta pennsylvanica)

(b) Leafhopper (Macrosteles fascifrons)

(d) Root aphid (Anuraphis maidi-radicis)

Ans: (b)

C. Subjective Questions

Define pinching in aster.

Ans: Pinching is the removal of the terminal growing tip of young aster plants to promote lateral branching and more flower production.

Name any five varieties of China aster.

Ans: Kamini, Poornima, Phule Ganesh Purple, Phule Ganesh White, Arka Kamini.

Describe propagation of China aster.

Ans: China aster is propagated by seeds. Seeds are sown in well-prepared nursery beds during the appropriate season. Healthy seedlings of about 4–6 weeks age are transplanted to the main field.

Write about planting and transplanting of China aster.

Ans: Seedlings raised in nursery beds are transplanted when they attain 4–6 true leaves. Transplanting is done in the evening at recommended spacing, followed by light irrigation for proper establishment.

D. Match the Columns

Ans:

Stunting of the plants — (d) Root-knot nematode
Gray mould — (e) Botrytis cinerea
Stem rot — (a) Pellicularia filamentosa
Foliage nematode — (b) Very active at 20°C temperature
Furadan at 1 g/m² — (c) Nematodes control

Session 2: Cultivation of Chrysanthemum

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

Pinching in chrysanthemum is done by …………………… of the growing tips of the plants at …………………… stage.

Ans: removal; 10–15 cm

Standard chrysanthemum is harvested when …………………… but before …………………… begins to elongate.

Ans: flowers are fully developed; disc

Chrysanthemum is commonly known as ………………… or …………………

Ans: Guldaudi; autumn queen

Chrysanthemum flowers, which have invisible disc, are ……………… and …………………

Ans: pompon; decorative

Chrysanthemum can be commercially propagated by ……………… and ……………… cuttings.

Ans: terminal; sucker

B. Multiple Choice Questions

The critical day length required for flower initiation and flower development of chrysanthemum is –

(a) 14–15 hours and 13–14 hours

(b) 11–12 hours and 12–13 hours

(d) 16–17 hours and 15–16 hours

Ans: (b)

Chrysanthemum can be grown on the soil pH of about –

(a) 7.5

(b) 6.5

(d) 4.5

Ans: (b)

Terminal or tip cuttings of ……………… for chrysanthemum should be taken from a healthy stalk.

(a) 7–10 cm

(b) 10–15 cm

(d) 15–20 cm

Ans: (c)

……………… are used to control the outside growth of heavy bloomers pots plants of chrysanthemum.

(a) 7–10 stakes

(b) 10–12 stakes

(d) 3–5 stakes

Ans: (d)

Removal of suckers from the base of chrysanthemum is known as ………………

(a) de-suckering

(b) pinching

(d) disbudding and de-shooting

Ans: (a)

……………… is the removal of the growing tips of plants at the 10–15 cm stage, which results in the production of several lateral shoots.

(a) De-suckering

(b) Pinching or stopping

(d) Topping

Ans: (b)

C. Subjective Questions

How are the varieties of chrysanthemum classified?

Ans: Varieties of chrysanthemum are classified based on flower form and size into single, decorative, pompon, anemone, incurved, reflexed, and standard types.

Write about the vegetative propagation of chrysanthemum.

Ans: Chrysanthemum is propagated vegetatively by terminal and sucker cuttings. Healthy cuttings are taken from mother plants, treated if necessary, and planted in nursery beds or containers for rooting.

What is disbudding in chrysanthemum?

Ans: Disbudding is the removal of unwanted side buds to allow better development of the main flower with improved size and quality.

Write about staking in chrysanthemum and give its advantages.

Ans: Staking is the practice of providing support to chrysanthemum plants using stakes to prevent lodging. It helps in straight growth, prevents breakage, and improves flower quality.

D. Match the Columns

Ans:

Cuttings — (b) Terminal 5–8 cm long healthy stalk
Pompon type chrysanthemum — (a) Invisible disc
Standard variety — (c) Mahatma Gandhi
Single type chrysanthemum — (d) Strap-like ray florets

Ans: (d)

Session 3: Cultivation of Tuberose

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

Commercially, tuberose is propagated by ………………

Ans: bulbs

Semi-double flowers of tuberose bear……………… rows of petals.

Ans: two to three

A fully developed bulb of tuberose forms ……………… bulblets in one season.

Ans: 8–12

Tuberose flowering starts after ……………… months of planting.

Ans: 3–4

The bulb of tuberose is …………… shaped.

Ans: pear

B. Multiple Choice Questions

Long flower spike tuberose is mostly used as –

(a) cut flowers

(b) table decoration

(d) All of these

Ans: (d)

Planting time of tuberose in tropical areas of the country is ………………

(a) September–October

(b) December–January

(d) June–July

Ans: (c)

Temperature range for commercial cultivation of tuberose is ……………

(a) 20–35°C

(b) 35–45°C

(d) 10–15°C

Ans: (a)

Tuberose bulbs should be stored for ……………… weeks after harvest.

(a) 2–3

(b) 4–6

(d) 8–10

Ans: (b)

The yield of tuberose bulbs in one year of cropping is usually –

(a) 6–8 tonnes

(b) 8–10 tonnes

(d) 12–14 tonnes

Ans: (c)

C. Subjective Questions

What are the different types of tuberose flowers?

Ans: Tuberose flowers are classified into single, semi-double, and double types based on the number of petal rows.

Explain the planting of tuberose.

Ans: Tuberose bulbs are planted on well-prepared beds at suitable spacing and depth. Healthy, uniform bulbs are selected and planted during the recommended season, followed by irrigation.

How and when can tuberose be harvested?

Ans: Flower spikes are harvested when 1–2 basal florets open. Bulbs are harvested after the foliage dries and turns yellow.

Explain the insect pests and disease management in tuberose.

Ans: Major pests include thrips and aphids, which are controlled by suitable insecticides. Diseases are managed by field sanitation, proper drainage, and fungicidal sprays.

Explain the stem rot disease of tuberose.

Ans: Stem rot is caused by *Sclerotium rolfsii*. It results in rotting at the base of the plant. Proper drainage, crop rotation, and soil treatment help in control.

D. Match the Columns

Ans:

Typical paling of foliage — (g) Nitrogen
Phosphorus — (f) Upper leaves become dark green and lower ones purple
Calcium — (b) Boron
Cracking of spike and bud rot — (b) Boron
Iron — (c) Interveinal chlorosis on the new leaves
Stunting in the inflorescence — (d) Magnesium
Manganese — (a) Yellowing of leaves in between the veins

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Session 4: Cultivation Technique of Gladiolus

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

One of the leading geophytes grown for cut flower trade and garden displays is ………………

Ans: gladiolus

Gladiolus is propagated through ……………… or ………………

Ans: corms; cormlets

Gladiolus plant may produce up to ……………… cormlets.

Ans: 50

Corms or cormlets of gladiolus can be planted up to the depth of ……………… cm.

Ans: 15

Single plant of gladiolus produces ……………… marketable spikes and plantable corms.

Ans: one

In gladiolus, the qualities of spikes are judged by the ……………… of the spike.

Ans: length

B. Multiple Choice Questions

Gladiolus prefers ………………

(a) fully shaded weather

(b) fully rainy weather

(d) fully sunny weather

Ans: (d)

A planting depth of ……………… is suggested for gladiolus.

(a) 7–15 cm

(b) 15–20 cm

(d) 25–30 cm

Ans: (a)

GA is used for soaking of corms at a concentration of ……………… to increase sprouting.

(a) 250 ppm

(b) 300 ppm

(d) 150 ppm

Ans: (c)

Growth promoters like GA, NAA, kinetin, etc., at a concentration of ……………… ppm to enhance sprouting.

(a) 5–10

(b) 10–50

(d) 100–150

Ans: (b)

The most common physiological disorder in gladiolus is ………………

(a) flower abortion

(b) fluoride injury

(d) None of these

Ans: (b)

C. Subjective Questions

Describe the staking of gladiolus.

Ans: Staking in gladiolus is done to support tall flower spikes and prevent lodging. Stakes are provided to plants and spikes are tied gently for straight growth.

Explain the harvesting of gladiolus.

Ans: Gladiolus spikes are harvested when the lowest floret shows colour. Harvesting is done early in the morning or late evening using a sharp knife.

Explain the physiological disorders in gladiolus.

Ans: Common physiological disorders in gladiolus include flower abortion, fluoride injury, crooked stem, and topple. These occur due to nutrient imbalance, poor light, temperature stress, or soil conditions.

D. Match the Columns

Ans:

Flower abortion — (a) High temperature or frequent fluctuation
Fluoride injury — (c) Tip burn on leaves
Topple — (b) Deficiency of calcium
Crooked stem — (d) Poor light condition

Session 5: Cultivation Technique of Carnation

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

All the lateral buds below the terminal one are removed when they are 5–10 mm in diameter in ……………… method.

Ans: disbudding

A practice for quality carnation production is ………………

Ans: pinching

Carnation is propagated by ………………

Ans: cuttings

Carnation can be planted at ………………

Ans: 20 × 20 cm spacing

Terminal cuttings of ……………… length with at least three nodes are used for propagation.

Ans: 10–15 cm

B. Multiple Choice Questions

Carnation yields ………………

(a) 150–400 cut flowers/m²

(b) 300–500 cut flowers/m²

(d) 600–700 cut flowers/m²

Ans: (b)

Carnation blue or Fancy (A) grade has ……………… stem length.

(a) 90–100 cm

(b) 60–70 cm

(d) 120–150 cm

Ans: (a)

Red or Standard (B) grade carnation flowers have ……………… stem length.

(a) 30–40 cm

(b) 40–50 cm

(d) 60–70 cm

Ans: (d)

The Green or Short (C) grade flowers of carnation have ……………… stem length.

(a) 30–40 cm

(b) 40–50 cm

(d) 60–70 cm

Ans: (b)

C. Subjective Questions

How can carnations be propagated by cutting?

Ans: Carnations are propagated by terminal cuttings taken from healthy mother plants. Cuttings with 3–4 nodes are planted in rooting media under suitable temperature and humidity conditions.

What is pinching in carnation?

Ans: Pinching is the removal of the terminal growing tip to encourage lateral branching and increase the number of flowering shoots.

Give the causes and remedies for calyx splitting in carnation.

Ans: Calyx splitting is caused by nutritional imbalance, rapid growth, and varietal characters. It can be controlled by balanced fertilization, proper irrigation, and use of calyx-supporting nets.

Describe the methods of harvesting in carnation.

Ans: Carnation flowers are harvested at the tight bud stage or when outer petals show colour. Harvesting is done with sharp tools during cool hours.

What are the physiological disorders of carnation?

Ans: Physiological disorders of carnation include calyx splitting, sleepiness, stem break, and flower malformation.

How is post-harvest care taken with harvested flowers?

Ans: Post-harvest care includes immediate placement of flowers in clean water, grading, precooling, and storage at low temperature to increase vase life.

Write about the grading of carnation flowers.

Ans: Carnation flowers are graded based on stem length, flower size, straightness, and quality into Fancy (A), Standard (B), and Short (C) grades.

D. Match the Columns

Ans:

Calyx splitting — (c) Nutritional imbalance
Curly tip — (e) Low light and low temperature
Bacterial leaf spot — (a) Pseudomonas woodsi
Flower bud diseases — (b) Alternaria dianthicola
Carnation tortrix moth — (d) Tortrix pronubata

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Session 6: Cultivation Technique of Gerbera

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

Gerbera is native of ………………

Ans: South Africa

Gerbera can be propagated vegetatively through ……………… and ……………

Ans: suckers; division of clumps

Planting time of gerbera in most of the tropical and sub-tropical regions is ………………

Ans: October

In gerbera first flower appears after ……………… days of planting.

Ans: 60–75

About ……………… flowers of gerbera are harvested per square metre annually.

Ans: 200–250

B. Multiple Choice Questions

Farmyard manure at ……………… per hectare in fairly light sandy soil at the time of preparation should be incorporated.

(a) 750 quintals

(b) 1000 quintals

(d) 2000 quintals

Ans: (b)

Water requirement of the full-grown gerbera plant is from ……………… per day.

(a) 400–500 ml

(b) 450–600 ml

(d) 500–700 ml

Ans: (d)

Gerberas are grown on ……… cm raised beds for better drainage.

(a) 10 to 15

(b) 12 to 22

(d) 15 to 25

Ans: (c)

C. Subjective Questions

Write the procedure of commercial propagation of Gerbera.

Ans: Commercial propagation of Gerbera is done by division of clumps or suckers obtained from healthy mother plants. Divisions with 2–3 healthy shoots are planted in prepared beds under protected conditions.

How is the bed prepared for Gerbera planting?

Ans: Beds are prepared by deep ploughing and incorporation of FYM. Raised beds of suitable height are made to ensure good drainage and proper aeration before planting.

What is the bent neck in Gerbera?

Ans: Bent neck is a physiological disorder in which the flower stalk bends near the neck region due to weak stem strength and water imbalance, reducing market quality.

D. Match the Columns

Ans:

GIV — (d) Gerbera lily virus
Gerbera planting — (c) October
Pythium — (b) Stunted plants and peeling of root skin
Water requirement — (a) 500–700 ml/day

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Unit 2: Cultivation of Commercial Flower Crops-II

Session 1: Cultivation of Rose

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

Approximately ……………… species of roses are native to India.

Ans: 20

Rose hips are a rich source of vitamin ………………

Ans: C

Rose hips contain ……………… times more ascorbic acid than those of oranges.

Ans: 20

The result of crossing between Dwarf Polyantha and early HT roses is ………………

Ans: Floribunda

The resultant class developed by crossing HTs with Floribunda is known as ………………

Ans: Grandiflora

Quite cold-hardy, low-growing rose, bearing large, clustered smaller flowers is ………………

Ans: Polyantha

The roses growing on its own roots are known as ………………

Ans: own-root roses

Complete or partial failure of rose bud opening is known as ………………

Ans: bull head

A phenomenon where new shoots emerging from the axillary buds of the previous floral stem having no floral bud is known as ………………

Ans: blind shoot

B. Multiple Choice Questions

Proper harvesting stage of rose is ………………

(a) tight bud

(b) slightly loose

(d) None of these

Ans: (a)

Bluing of rose petals is due to ………………

(a) the accumulation of ammonia

(b) more salt

(d) bacterial infection

Ans: (a)

Which of the following is less sensitive to chilling injury?

(a) Rose

(b) Bird of paradise

(d) Marigold

Ans: (b)

Which flower is acclaimed as the ‘King of Flowers’?

(a) Tulip

(b) Rose

(d) Gladiolus

Ans: (b)

The time for budding in roses in North Indian plains is ………………

(a) September–October

(b) November–December

(d) July–August

Ans: (c)

Wintering of roses in India is done normally in the month of ………………

(a) July

(b) October

(d) April

Ans: (c)

Which of the following is a long-stemmed cut rose grown in India?

(a) Raktagandha

(b) Anurag

(d) Mother Teresa

Ans: (d)

C. Subjective Questions

What are the deficiency symptoms of the following nutrients?

(a) Nitrogen

Ans: Pale green leaves, reduced growth, and weak stems.

(b) Phosphorus

Ans: Dark green leaves with purplish tinge and poor root development.

(c) Potash

Ans: Marginal scorching of leaves, weak stems, and poor flower quality.

(d) Boron

Ans: Dieback of growing points, malformed buds, and brittle leaves.

(e) Zinc

Ans: Short internodes, small leaves, and rosetting of shoots.

Discuss the classification of rose plants according to their utility.

Ans: Roses are classified based on utility into cut flower roses, garden roses, pot roses, climbers, ramblers, and landscape roses.

Describe the cultural operations in roses.

Ans: Cultural operations include pruning, pinching, disbudding, irrigation, fertilization, weeding, and plant protection practices for healthy growth and quality flower production.

Describe the important insect pests and diseases of rose.

Ans: Major insect pests include aphids, thrips, mites, and beetles. Important diseases are powdery mildew, black spot, dieback, and rust.

D. Match the Columns

Ans:

Super Star — (d) Grandiflora
Pusa Pitamber — (b) HT
Gold Medal — (b) HT
Twinkle Twinkle — (e) Miniature rose
Pusa Barahmasi — (c) Polyantha
Albertine — (f) Climber

Session 2: Cultivation of Gaillardia

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

Gaillardia flowers are also known as ……………

Ans: blanket flowers

Gaillardia can be grown in gardens ………………… for ……………… or ………………

Ans: as borders; bedding; edging

Commercially, Gaillardia is propagated by ………………

Ans: seeds

Gaillardia seeds have no dormancy and remain viable up to ………………

Ans: 2 years

Gaillardia seeds germinate within ………………

Ans: 7–10 days

Gaillardias start flowering in ……………… to ……………… days after seed sowing.

Ans: 90; 100

B. Multiple Choice Questions

Seed sowing in gaillardia during the summer season is done in ………………

(a) October–November

(b) February–March

(d) any month

Ans: (b)

Gaillardia is generally propagated through ………………

(a) seed

(b) roots

(d) bulb

Ans: (a)

Gaillardia is native to ………………

(a) Japan

(b) Korea

(d) Central United States

Ans: (d)

Blanket flower is harvested when it is………………

(a) fully open

(b) half open

(d) showing flower colour

Ans: (a)

The colour of Gaillardia var. ‘The Bride’ flower is ………………

(a) red

(b) yellow

(d) orange-yellow

Ans: (c)

C. Subjective Questions

Discuss the climatic requirements for the cultivation of Gaillardia.

Ans: Gaillardia prefers warm climate with full sunlight. It grows well under dry and moderate conditions and tolerates drought.

Write about the important varieties of gaillardia.

Ans: Important varieties of gaillardia include Copper Beauty, Wine Red, Burgundy, and Baby Cole.

Write about the planting of gaillardia.

Ans: Gaillardia seedlings are transplanted to the main field at proper spacing on well-prepared beds during suitable season.

How is Gaillardia propagated?

Ans: Gaillardia is propagated mainly by seeds sown directly in the field or raised in nursery beds and transplanted later.

Describe the methods of bed preparation for planting Gaillardia.

Ans: Beds are prepared by ploughing, leveling, and incorporating organic manure. Proper drainage is ensured before planting.

How are the flowers of Gaillardia harvested?

Ans: Flowers are harvested when they are fully open for decorative and loose flower purposes.

What are the different insect pests of Gaillardia, and how are they controlled?

Ans: Aphids and caterpillars are common pests. They are controlled by proper sanitation and recommended insecticide application.

D. Match the Columns

Copper Beauty — (d) orange yellow

Ans: (d)

Wine red — (c) Burgundy

Ans: (c)

Survive up to pH range — (b) 8.5

Ans: (b)

Baby Cole — (a) red flowers, yellow margin

Ans: (a)

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Session 3: Cultivation of Marigold

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

Botanical name of French marigold is ………………

Ans: Tagetes patula

Marigold belongs to family ………………

Ans: Asteraceae

Planting marigold in the field reduces the population of ……………… in the soil.

Ans: nematodes

Marigold can be vegetatively propagated through ……………

Ans: cuttings

Commercially marigold is propagated through ……………

Ans: seeds

About ……………… kg seeds of marigold are required for planting one hectare of area.

Ans: 0.7–1.0

B. Multiple Choice Questions

Among the following, who is associated with Marigold breeding in India?

(a) B. Singh

(b) R.L. Misra

(d) S.P.S. Raghava

Ans: (d)

Nugget is a cultivar of ………………

(a) Marigold

(b) Rose

(d) Carnation

Ans: (a)

Native place of Marigold is ………………

(a) Russia

(b) South Africa

(d) India

Ans: (c)

Recommended seed rate of marigold is ………………

(a) 0.7–1.0 kg/ha

(b) 2–3 kg/ha

(d) 7–8 kg/ha

Ans: (a)

Optimum temperature required for Marigold cultivation is ………………

(a) 6–14°C

(b) 15–28°C

(d) All of these

Ans: (b)

Among the following, which one is the African marigold variety?

(a) Orange flame

(b) Melody

(d) Golden climax

Ans: (d)

C. Subjective Questions

Differentiate between African marigold and French marigold.

Ans: African marigold plants are tall with large flowers, whereas French marigold plants are dwarf with smaller flowers. African marigold is mainly used for loose flowers, while French marigold is suitable for bedding and edging.

How useful is pinching in marigold?

Ans: Pinching promotes lateral branching, increases the number of flowers, and improves uniform flowering in marigold.

Describe the harvesting of marigold.

Ans: Flowers are harvested when they are fully open. Harvesting is done in the morning or evening by hand picking at regular intervals.

Write about the bronze speckling of marigold.

Ans: Bronze speckling is a physiological disorder caused by thrips infestation, resulting in brown or bronze spots on petals and reduced flower quality.

Give the symptoms and causes of leaf burn in marigold.

Ans: Leaf burn appears as scorching and drying of leaf margins. It is caused by excess salts, high temperature, or moisture stress.

D. Match the Columns

Ans:

Planting stage — (b) 4 leaf stage
French marigold — (a) Tagetes patula
Pusa Basanati gainda — (d) African marigold
Powdery mildew — (c) Wettable sulphur

Session 4: Cultivation of Jasmine

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

In India, about ……………… species of jasmine are found.

Ans: 40

For its concrete, ……………… has an international market.

Ans: Jasminum grandiflorum

Jasmine is propagated by ………………

Ans: cuttings

Dormancy in most of the Jasminum species is observed during ………………

Ans: winter

The easiest way of propagating jasmine is ……………

Ans: layering

Seedlings of jasmine can be planted during the ……………

Ans: rainy season

Yield of Jasmine flower is ……………… tonnes/ha.

Ans: 6–8

B. Multiple Choice Questions

Among the following, which one is the substitute for saffron?

(a) Jasmine

(b) Tulip

(d) Carnation

Ans: (a)

Climate requirement for jasmine is ………………

(a) temperate

(b) tropical

(d) All the above

Ans: (d)

For jasmine oil extraction, which stage of flower is suitable for plucking?

(a) Tight

(b) Half open

(d) None of these

Ans: (a)

Jasmine is propagated through ………………

(a) softwood cutting

(b) semi-hardwood cutting

(d) seed

Ans: (b)

C. Subjective Questions

Write down the importance of jasmine.

Ans: Jasmine is used for loose flowers, garlands, religious purposes, and extraction of essential oil. It has high commercial, medicinal, and ornamental value.

Describe jasmine propagation.

Ans: Jasmine is propagated mainly by semi-hardwood cuttings and layering. Healthy shoots are selected, treated if required, and planted in suitable rooting media.

Discuss flower harvesting of jasmine.

Ans: Flowers are harvested daily in the early morning at tight bud stage for oil extraction and loose flower purpose to ensure better fragrance and quality.

Describe jasmine pruning.

Ans: Pruning in jasmine is done to remove old, dry, and unproductive shoots. It encourages new growth and higher flower yield and is usually done during the dormant season.

Explain planting spacing for different jasmine species.

Ans: Spacing varies with species: J. sambac is planted at closer spacing, while J. grandiflorum and J. auriculatum require wider spacing for proper growth.

D. Match the Columns

Ans:

Parimullai — (d) J. auriculatum
For extraction of concrete — (a) Fully open flower picked
Arka Aradhana — (b) J. sambac
Arka Surabhi — (c) J. grandiflorum

Session 5: Cultivation of Crossandra

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

Crossandra is commonly known as ……………

Ans: Kanakambaram

A high-yielding variety of Crossandra is ………………

Ans: Kanakadhara

Seed rate of Crossandra is ……………… per hectare.

Ans: 3 kg

Triploid crossandras can be propagated by ………………

Ans: layering

Crossandra commences flowering after ……………… days of planting.

Ans: 60–75

Crossandra flowers are ……………… sensitive.

Ans: ethylene

B. Multiple Choice Questions

Crossandra belongs to ……………… family.

(a) Asteraceae

(b) Rosaceae

(d) Iridaceae

Ans: (c)

Among the following, which one is the native place of Crossandra?

(a) Asia

(b) Europe

(d) Mexico

Ans: (a)

Which of the following climates is suitable for Crossandra growing?

(a) Temperate

(b) Tropical

(d) All the above

Ans: (b)

Mona Wallhead variety of Crossandra was introduced in India from which country?

(a) USA

(b) Brazil

(d) Sri Lanka

Ans: (c)

Crossandra is planted at a spacing of ………………

(a) 20 × 20 cm

(b) 30 × 30 cm

(d) 75 × 75 cm

Ans: (b)

Shelf life of Crossandra flower is ………………

(a) 2–3 days

(b) 5–6 days

(d) 9–10 days

Ans: (a)

C. Subjective Questions

What is the importance of the crossandra flower?

Ans: Crossandra flowers are widely used for garlands, hair decoration, religious offerings, and loose flower markets due to their bright colour and good keeping quality.

How is propagation of crossandra done through seeds?

Ans: Seeds are sown in nursery beds or trays and transplanted to the main field after seedlings attain sufficient growth.

How is ground layering done in Crossandra?

Ans: Ground layering is done by bending healthy shoots to the ground, covering a portion with soil, and allowing roots to develop before detaching from the mother plant.

How is planting of crossandra done?

Ans: Seedlings or rooted layers are planted in well-prepared beds at recommended spacing, followed by irrigation.

Describe flower harvesting of crossandra.

Ans: Flowers are harvested daily in the early morning by hand-picking when they are fully open.

D. Match the Columns

Ans:

Kanakadhara — (d) Dense green foliage
Raj Kanakambaram — (c) Gamma irradiation
Subasu — (b) Chemical mutagenesis (sodium azide)
Neelambari — (a) A leaf-variegated mutant
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam — (e) Long inflorescences

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Unit 3: Growing of Annuals

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

Plants that complete their life cycle within a season or in a year are ……………

Ans: annuals

Low temperature can be withstood by ……………… annuals.

Ans: winter

Winter annuals can be sown in ………………

Ans: September–October

High temperature and dry weather can be tolerated by the ……………… annuals.

Ans: summer

High humidity is required for the flowering of ……………… annuals.

Ans: rainy season

Rainy season annuals can be sown in ………………

Ans: June–July

The planting of annuals at the border of a bed in a definite pattern is known as ………………

Ans: border planting

B. Multiple Choice Questions

The width of the single-faced border is kept at about ………………

(a) 2.5 m

(b) 4.5 m

(d) 0.5 m

Ans: (d)

The width of the double-faced border is kept at about ………………

(a) 2.5 m

(b) 4.5 m

(d) 0.5 m

Ans: (a)

Which of the following is not a winter season annual?

(a) 20 × 20 cm

(b) 30 × 30 cm

(d) 60 × 60 cm

Ans: (d)

Tall annuals are generally planted at a spacing of ………………

(a) 20 × 20 cm

(b) 30 × 30 cm

(d) 60 × 60 cm

Ans: (c)

Storage temperature of dahlia flower is about ………………

(a) 0°C

(b) 2°C

(d) 46°C

Ans: (a)

Which of the following is a rainy-season annual?

(a) Gaillardia

(b) Petunia

(d) Kochia

Ans: (d)

C. Subjective Questions

Write about annuals and their importance.

Ans: Annuals are ornamental plants that complete their life cycle in one season. They are important for quick garden decoration, bedding, borders, pot culture, and cut flowers.

Give the important characteristics of annuals.

Ans: Annuals grow fast, flower profusely, have wide colour range, and are easy to cultivate.

Describe the herbaceous border.

Ans: A herbaceous border is a long strip planted with annuals and perennials in graduated height to give an attractive appearance.

How is a seedbed prepared for raising annuals?

Ans: Seedbeds are prepared by fine tilth, removal of weeds, and addition of FYM with proper leveling.

How are annuals sown?

Ans: Annuals are sown either by broadcasting or line sowing in nursery beds followed by light irrigation.

Write the method of transplanting the seedlings of annuals.

Ans: Seedlings are transplanted at 4–6 leaf stage during evening hours with immediate watering.

What are the general rules for irrigating the annuals?

Ans: Irrigation should be light and frequent, avoiding waterlogging and moisture stress.

Discuss the classification of annuals.

Ans: Annuals are classified as winter, summer, and rainy season annuals based on their growing season.

Write about the harvesting and post-harvest handling of annuals.

Ans: Flowers are harvested at the proper stage and handled carefully, kept in shade and water to maintain freshness.

Give any two examples of annuals suitable for planting as

(a) hanging basket

Ans: Petunia, Lobelia

(b) edge plants

Ans: Alyssum, Phlox

(c) pot plants

Ans: Balsam, Zinnia

(d) cut flowers

Ans: Aster, Larkspur

D. Match the Columns

Ans:

Fragrant flowers — (e) Carnation, Stock
Bedding plants — (a) Cineraria, Salvia
Dry flowers — (c) Acroclinium, Helichrysum
Pot plants — (d) Balsam, Ice plant
For shady situations — (b) Antirrhinum, Carnation

Unit 4: Growing of Perennials

Session 1: Trees, Shrubs and Vines

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

The group of plants which remains productive for many years is—————

Ans: perennials

The plants that have soft and succulent stem are——————

Ans: herbaceous plants

Climbers are perennials which have ————and need support to climb.

Ans: weak stems

Medium size bushy plants are known as———————

Ans: shrubs

The plant with well defined single woody stem and branching at crooks is known as a———————

Ans: tree

The height of a tree may be more than ———————meters.

Ans: 6

Continuous growth is shown by—————————

Ans: evergreen plants

B. Multiple Choice Questions

In ——————, the growth phase is discontinuous.

(a) Deciduous trees

(b) Evergreen trees

(d) None of the above

Ans: (a)

In India, shrubs are mostly planted during the —————season.

(a) Rainy

(b) Winter

(d) None of the above

Ans: (a)

—————is an art of giving shape of an object to the plants.

(a) Girdling

(b) Pruning

(d) Goottee

Ans: (c)

—————is not a type of climber.

(a) Twiners

(b) Ramblers

(d) Trailers

Ans: (c)

Money plant is an example of a————

(a) Tree

(b) Shrub

(d) Rambler

Ans: (c)

C. Subjective Questions

What are perennials? Give the important characteristics of perennials.

Ans: Perennials are plants that live for more than two years. They have long lifespan, woody or semi-woody stems, and produce flowers and fruits for many years.

What are the different types of perennials?

Ans: Perennials are classified as trees, shrubs, climbers, creepers and herbaceous perennials.

Give the important uses of perennials.

Ans: Perennials are used for shade, ornamental purposes, avenue planting, hedges, screens and landscaping.

Write down the importance of trees.

Ans: Trees provide shade, timber, fuel, fruits, oxygen, improve the environment and enhance landscape beauty.

Write down the uses of shrubs.

Ans: Shrubs are used for hedges, borders, screening, ornamental planting and medicinal purposes.

Describe the propagation of shrubs.

Ans: Shrubs are propagated by seeds, cuttings, layering, budding and grafting.

How can trees be planted?

Ans: Trees are planted by the pit method using healthy seedlings or grafts, with proper spacing and irrigation.

What is topiary work? Name the plants suitable for topiary.

Ans: Topiary is the art of training and trimming plants into decorative shapes. Plants like Duranta, Bougainvillea, Cypress and Ficus are suitable.

What are trees? How are they classified?

Ans: Trees are tall woody plants with a single main stem. They are classified as evergreen and deciduous trees.

What are shrubs? How are they classified?

Ans: Shrubs are medium sized woody plants with many branches from the base. They are classified as flowering and ornamental shrubs.

What are the different types of climbers? Explain with suitable examples.

Ans: Climbers are classified as twining climbers, tendril climbers, root climbers and ramblers. Examples include money plant, grapevine and bougainvillea.

Distinguish between:

climbers and creepers

Ans: Climbers have weak stems and need support, whereas creepers spread on the ground without support.

trees and shrubs

Ans: Trees have a single main trunk and are tall, whereas shrubs have many branches from the base and are shorter.

Give five examples of each of the plants suitable for

Flowering trees

Ans: Gulmohar, Ashok, Amaltas, Jacaranda, Cassia

Flowering shrubs

Ans: Hibiscus, Rose, Oleander, Ixora, Gardenia

Flowering climbers

Ans: Bougainvillea, Rangoon creeper, Clematis, Jasmine, Morning glory

Ornamental shrubs

Ans: Croton, Duranta, Acalypha, Codiaeum, Eranthemum

Bonsai

Ans: Ficus, Juniper, Bougainvillea, Tamarind, Pine

Indoor plants

Ans: Money plant, Spider plant, Snake plant, Dracaena, Areca palm

Palms

Ans: Areca palm, Date palm, Royal palm, Coconut, Fan palm

Ornamental trees

Ans: Polyalthia, Delonix, Neem, Alstonia, Spathodea

D. Match the Columns

Ans:

Evergreen tree — (b) Ashok
Foliage climber — (d) Dalbergia sissoo
Medicinal shrub — (c) Ocimum
Shady tree — (a) Saptparni
Erect growing — (e) Vernonia elaeagniefolia

Session 2: Indoor Plants

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

A ———————is a plant that is grown indoors in places such as residences and offices.

Ans: indoor plant

The group of plants with a single stem and large terminal leaves are———————

Ans: palms

Planting of evergreen indoor plants is done in—————

Ans: all seasons

Japanese words bon means —————or tray and sai means—————

Ans: pot, plant

In China, bonsai is called———————

Ans: Penjing

B. Multiple Choice Questions

Fingertip bonsai size restricts to————————

(a) 5-7 cm

(b) 5-10 cm

(d) 5-12 cm

Ans: (a)

Bromeliads are interesting epiphytic plants and mostly————————

(a) succulents

(b) hardy

(d) None of these

Ans: (d)

Which one of these is not a palm?

(a) Phoenix roebelenii

(b) Livistona chinensis

(d) Bilbergia nutans

Ans: (d)

Which one of these is not an example of a fern?

(a) Adiantum capillus

(b) Lechnum gibbum

(d) Begonia semperflorens

Ans: (d)

C. Subjective Questions

What do you mean by indoor plants? Give the different types.

Ans: Indoor plants are plants grown inside buildings for decoration and air purification. Types include foliage plants, flowering plants, palms, ferns, succulents and bonsai.

What are palms?

Ans: Palms are monocot plants having a single unbranched stem with large leaves at the top. They are commonly used as indoor and ornamental plants.

What are bromeliads?

Ans: Bromeliads are ornamental plants mostly grown as epiphytes with colourful bracts and rosette leaves, suitable for indoor decoration.

Write down the procedure for making bonsai.

Ans: Bonsai is prepared by selecting a suitable plant, pruning roots and shoots, wiring branches for shaping, planting in shallow pots and regular maintenance.

D. Match the Columns

Ans:

Large bonsai — (a) Above 60 cm
Ferns — (c) Adiantum capillus
Succulents — (d) Agave Americana parviflora
Suitable for bonsai — (b) Bamboo

Unit 5: Post-Harvest Management and Value Addition

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

Flowers are highly …………. in nature.

Ans: perishable

Post-harvest losses of flowers range between ………… in India.

Ans: 30–40 percent

Flowers are harvested during the ……………… hours of the day.

Ans: morning

Hardening is achieved by treating the flowers with …………………..

Ans: chemical solutions

Pre-cooling slows down the ……………….. rate.

Ans: respiration

A short-term high-concentration treatment given to cut flowers under light is ……………

Ans: pulsing

The main ingredient of pulsing solution is ………….

Ans: sugar

Categorising of flowers according to a well-defined international quality standard, which determines the price is ………….

Ans: grading

Loose flowers are held together artistically with the help of threads; this is called …………………………

Ans: veni making

A product prepared from the rose petals is ………………..

Ans: gulkand

B. Multiple Choice Questions

Proper harvesting stage of loose rose is …..

(a) tight bud

(b) slightly loose

(d) fully open

Ans: (d)

The proper harvesting stage of marigolds is …

(a) slightly loose

(b) fully open

(d) tight bud

Ans: (b)

Which of the following is less sensitive to chilling injury?

(a) Rose

(b) Jasmine

(d) Marigold

Ans: (d)

Conditioning solution consists of ……………….. pH.

(a) 3.5 to 3.0

(b) 3.5 to 4.5

(d) 6.5 to 7.5

Ans: (b)

Full form of ppm is …

(a) parts per milligram

(b) parts per milliliter

(d) pulse per million

Ans: (c)

C. Subjective Questions

Write about the post-harvest management of flowers.

Ans: Post-harvest management includes harvesting at the proper stage, pre-cooling, grading, pulsing, packaging, storage, transportation and marketing to maintain flower quality and vase life.

What is pre-cooling of flowers?

Ans: Pre-cooling is the rapid removal of field heat from harvested flowers to slow respiration and extend shelf life.

How is the pulsing solution prepared?

Ans: Pulsing solution is prepared by dissolving sugar along with germicides and growth regulators in water and treating cut flowers for a short duration.

What is grading?

Ans: Grading is the process of sorting flowers based on size, colour, stem length and quality as per market standards.

Write about the bud opening solution of flowers.

Ans: Bud opening solution contains sugar, growth regulators and germicides which help immature buds to open properly after harvest.

Write about flower arrangement.

Ans: Flower arrangement is the art of arranging flowers, foliage and accessories in an attractive manner for decoration and aesthetic purposes.

Describe the value-added products of flowers.

Ans: Value-added products include garlands, venis, bouquets, floral baskets, essential oils, perfumes, gulkand, rose water and dry flowers.

D. Match the Columns

Ans:

Packing of cut flowers — (d) CFB
Cool chain — (c) Flowers kept under optimal temperature
Gladiolus — (b) 6–9 days storage
Veni — (a) Decorate hair

Unit 6: Maintain Health and Safety at the Workplace

Session 1: Safe Use of Agrochemicals

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

To induce vomiting, —————— can be used.

Ans: salt water

Contaminated skin must be ——————

Ans: washed thoroughly

To protect eyes and respiratory tract from toxic gases, ————— is used.

Ans: gas mask

Hand gloves made up of —————— are used to handle chemicals.

Ans: rubber

For inhaled poison, first-aid can be ———————

Ans: fresh air

B. Multiple Choice Questions

Common symptoms of pesticide poisoning are:

(a) Headache

(b) Vomiting and nausea

(d) All of these

Ans: (d)

To prevent hazards at working place, the availability of the following materials should be ensured:

(a) SDS

(b) First-aid kits

(d) All of these

Ans: (d)

Emergency services comprise —————

(a) Ambulance

(b) Fire brigade

(d) None of these

Ans: (c)

Potential dangerous creatures around house and office buildings include ———————

(a) lizards

(b) snakes

(d) All of these

Ans: (d)

What safety measures are required during the application of pesticides to the crop?

(a) Mixing the correct quantity of pesticide and clean water, and spraying during evening time

(b) Use of any type of nozzle and spray mixture

(d) Spraying at any time during the day

Ans: (a)

What safe pesticide handling practices are required to be followed by the farmers?

(a) Wearing clean personal protective equipment (PPE)

(b) Wash hands with clean water before doing any activity that involves food intake or use of the area around the mouth, eyes, nostrils, etc.

(c) If an insecticide or its solution happens to fall on the clothing or body of an individual, give a proper wash to remove the pesticide completely.

(d) All of the above

Ans: (d)

C. Subjective Questions

What are the first aid treatment measures for chemical poisoning?

Ans: First aid measures include removing the victim from the source of poison, washing contaminated skin with clean water, giving fresh air in case of inhalation, inducing vomiting if advised, and seeking immediate medical help.

What protective devices are meant for protection in the agricultural field?

Ans: Protective devices include gloves, masks, goggles, aprons, boots, face shields and protective clothing to prevent exposure to chemicals and pesticides.

Define agro-chemicals.

Ans: Agro-chemicals are chemical substances such as fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and fungicides used in agriculture to improve crop production and protect crops.

Discuss the various harmful effects of agro-chemicals.

Ans: Agro-chemicals may cause health hazards to humans, poisoning of animals, soil and water pollution, destruction of beneficial organisms and environmental imbalance.

D. Match the Columns

Ans:

Eye — (b) Shield
Shoe — (a) Rubber
Protective clothes — (c) Apron

Session 2: Safe Use of Agricultural Machinery

Questions with Solutions

A. Fill in the Blanks

During harvesting, ensure that the operators wear —————, and secure their ———— to avoid entanglement.

Ans: protective clothing, hair

Nobody should be allowed to ———————— onto the machine while it is in motion.

Ans: climb

Operators must wear, ————— clothing.

Ans: close-fitting

B. Multiple Choice Questions

What is necessary to check before starting the machinery

(a) Farm operations

(b) Fill the fuel

(d) Check the lights

Ans: (c)

What type of care is required to avoid any machinery accident?

(a) Using a machine that is unsuitable for the task

(b) Using casual approach for operation

(d) Following all the precautions during the operation

Ans: (d)

Which of the following safety precautions are necessary while refueling of tractor or any other machinery?

(a) Engine in running condition

(b) Engine in off position

(d) All of these

Ans: (c)

C. Subjective Questions

Enlist the general inspection points to be observed before using the machinery.

Ans: Before using machinery, inspection of fuel level, engine oil, brakes, tyres, guards, belts, lights, steering, and overall condition of the machine should be done to ensure safe operation.

Describe the health and safety points to be followed during combine harvesting.

Ans: Operators should wear protective clothing, avoid loose garments, keep hands away from moving parts, not allow unauthorized persons near the machine, switch off the engine during adjustments, and follow all safety instructions.

Describe the use of protective clothing during machinery operations.

Ans: Protective clothing such as gloves, boots, goggles, helmets, masks and close-fitting clothes protects the operator from dust, noise, chemicals, and moving parts and reduces the risk of injuries during machinery operations.

N.B. If you find the Class 12 Floriculturist Solutions helpful, please share your thoughts with us.

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List of Some Books by M. Menonimus:

Poetry Books

Rainbow Tomorrow Night
A Heart Full of Golden Hopes
Evergreen Loves
For My Countrymen
If You Go Away
In Search of a White Heart
In the Light of Candle
In the River of Blood
Lovelia
My Dear a Heart
My Native Land
The Lost Reminiscence
Under the Starry Sky
The Little Girl and the Stars
Loves and Songs
My Casual Poems
An Orphan and Other Poems in Prose

Novels

The Weight of Monsoon Flowers

Literary Criticism

World Short Story Criticism
World Poetry Criticism
World Drama Criticism
World Novel Criticism
World Essay Criticism
Indian English Poetry Criticism
Indian English Poets and Poetry Chief Features
Emily Dickinson’s Poetry-A Thematic Study
Walt Whitman’s Poetry-A Thematic Study
Critical Essays on English Poetry
Tawfiq al-Hakim’s Novel: Return of the Spirit-An Analytical Study
Tawfiq al-Hakim’s Novel: ‘Yawmiyyat Naib Fil Arayaf’-An Analytical Study
Analytical Studies of Some Arabic Short Stories
A Brief History of Arabic Literature: Pre-Islamic Period (500 AD-622 AD)
A Brief History of Arabic Literature: Early Islamic Period (622 AD-661 AD)
Reviews of William Shakespeare’s Works
Reviews of Charles Dickens’ Works
Reviews of John Milton’s Literary Works
Reviews of Some Iconic Travelogues
Shakespeare’s Sonnets-Critical Studies
Analytical Studies of Selected Poems of Sarojini Naidu
Analytical Studies of Selected Poems of Rabindranath Tagore
Analytical Studies of Selected Indian English Poems
Reviews of Selected Motivational Books
Origin, Evolution & Functions of Literature
Essays on Shakespeare and His Time …

Linguistics

A Brief History of the English Language
Essays on Linguistics
Learners’ English Dictionary

Short Story Books

The Fugitive Father and Other Stories
The Prostitute and Other Stories
Neha’s Confession
Juvenile Stories and Essays

Autobiography

A Few Pages of My Lost Diary

Biography

The World Writers-Brief Biographies
Introduction to World Writers
Introduction to World Personalities
Love of Reputed Persons
Brief Biographies of Prominent Bengali Writers
Brief Biographies of Eminent Monarchs
Brief Biographies of Ancient Thinkers and Writers
Brief Biographies of Eminent Generals and Conquerors
Biographies of Writers Around the World
Introduction to Men of Letters

Non-Fiction

Love Letters to Liza
Let’s Look Into
Articles on Contemporary Affairs
Gleaned Essays
Educational Psychology: A Comprehensive Study
The Human Psychology: A Comprehensive Study…
The Scariest Hunted Places in India
The Origin and Evolution of God

Science & Technology

Select Essays on Technology
Essays on Science and Technology
Interactive SEO Guide
Tips For Best SEO

Motivational Books

Earn One Million Dollars a Month
Earn Million Dollars Using ChatGPT
The Millionaire Mindset
YouTube Millionaire Blueprint
Success Stories of Millionaire YouTubers
On Becoming a Public Speaker…
The Zuckerberg Blueprint
How the Top Students Write in the Exam
Why to Begin With Why?
Japanese Ikigai
The Necessity of Memorization
Build Your Personality
How to Make Friends
Unlock the Future Within You
How to Live a Peaceful Life
The Meaning of Life
Habits of Highly Successful People
The Evils of Love Affairs in Student Life

Health Education

Masturbation: How Much Harmful
The Science of Love…
The Evils of Love Affairs
Beauty Tips For Winter
The Miracles of Walking

Academic Books

Advertisement Writing
The Art of Amplification Writing
Note Making
The Art of Paragraph Writing
Notice Writing
Passage Comprehension
The Art of Poster Writing
The Art of Letter Writing
Report Writing
Story Writing
Substance Writing
School Essays Part-I
School Essays Part-II
School English Grammar Part-I
School English Grammar Part-II…
How to Take Notes in Class
How to Increase General Knowledge

Children Books

My First Hindi-English Alphabet

Educational Guide Books:

The above-listed books are available on the author’s official website: www.menonimus.org

The End