Formation of Parts of Speech | Word Formation
(Formation of Parts of Speech Word Formation)
Formation of Parts of Speech | Word Formation
When a word is formed from another word by adding something either before or after, subtracting something (letter) or changing letter (especially vowel) is called Word Formation. For example, we can form:
(Formation of Parts of Speech Word Formation)
A. Verbs from Nouns and Adjectives
Act (n) _____ enact (v)
Glass (n) _____ glaze (v)
Strong (adj) _____ Strengthen (v)
Perpetual (adj) _____ perpetuate (v)
B.Nouns from verbs and Adjectives, as
Add (v) _____ addition (n)
Choose (v) _____ choice (n)
Brutal (adj) _____ brutality (n).
C. Adjectives from Nouns, and verbs:
Attend (v) _____ attentive (adj)
Autumn (n) _____ autumnal (adj)
China (n) _____ chinese (adj)
Eat (v) _____ eatable, eadible (adj) etc.
Thus we can make a part of speech (Noun, Verb, Adjective etc.) from other parts of speech. So many words are formed in this way in English and they have enriched the English Vocabulary so much. A list (at random) of words formed thus is given below.
(Formation of Parts of Speech Word Formation)
A. FORMATION OF VERBS FROM NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
In the English language Verbs may be formed or derived from Nouns and Adjectives by adding -by, -en, -be, -em either before or after the Nouns and Adjectives. A list of Verbs formed ——- thus is given below.
Formation of Parts of Speech | Word Formation
(a) Formation of Verbs from Nouns :
Nouns ——- Verbs
Act ——- enact
Advice ——- advise
Author ——- authorise
Apology ——- apologise
Bath ——- bathe
Belief ——- believe
Beauty ——- beautify
Bed ——- embed
Breath ——- breathe
Body ——- embody
Black ——- blacken
Bliss ——- bless
Cross ——- crucify
Character ——- characterise
Cage ——- ——- encage
Custom ——- accustom
Calm ———- becalm
Center ——- concentrate
Class ——- classify
Cloth ——- clothe
Circle ——- encircle
Company ——- accompany
Courage ——- encourage
Danger ——- endanger
Dew ——- bedew
Death ——- die
Err ——- error
Example ——- exemplify
Economy ——- economise
Electricity ——- electrify
Food ——- feed
Fool ——- befool
Force ——- enforce
Friend ——- befriend
Fraud ——- defraud
Fame ——- defame
Fright ——- frighten
Germ ——- germinate
Glass ——- glassify
Half ——- halve
Habit ——- habituate
Hand ——- handle
Head ——- behead
Heir ——- inherit
Horror ——- horrify
Heart ——- hearten
Haste ——- hasten
Isle ——- isolate
Joy ——- enjoy
Justice ——- justify
Knee ——- kneel
Length ——- lengthen
Life ——- live
Lot ——- allot
Formation of Parts of Speech
Light ——- lighten
Load ——- lade
Memory ——- memorise
Mind ——- remind
Monopoly ——- monopolise
Nation ——- nationalise
Number ——- enumerate
Night ——- benight
Name ——- nominate
Necessity ——- necessitate
Office ——- officiate
Origin ——- originate
Person ——- personify
Peace ——- pacify
Power ——- empower
Practice ——- practise
Prison ——- imprison
People ——- populate
Peril ——- imperil
Roll ——- enroll
Red ——- redden
Siege ——- besiege
Sign ——- signify
Slave ——- enslave
Sympathy ——- sympathise
Spark ——- sparkle
Strength ——- strengthen
System ——- systematise
Table ——- tabulate
Throne ——- enthrone/dethrone
Title ——- entitle
Tyranny ——- tyrannise
Thief ——- thieve
Trap ——- entrap
Vapour ——- evaporate
Vacancy ——- vacate
Vigour ——- envigorate
Vice ——- vitiate
White ——- whiten
Formation of Parts of Speech | Word Formation
(b) Formation of Verbs from Adjectives:
Adjective ——- Verbs
Able ——- enable
Ample ——- amplify
Bitter ——- embitter
Bold ——- embolden
Broad ——- broaden
Certain ——- ascertain
Cheap ——- cheapen
Civil ——- civilise
Clear ——- clarify
Dark ——- darken
Dear ——- endear
Deep ——- deepen
Dense ——- condense
Different ——- differentiate
Equal ——- equalise
False ——- falsify
Familiar ——- familiarise
Fat ——- fatten
Fertile ——- fertilise
Fine ——- refine
Foul ——- defile
Firm ——- affirm, confirm
Public ——- publish
Pure ——- purify
Popular ——- popularise
Proper ——- appropriate
Rich ——- enrich
Red ——- redden
Simplesimplify
Special ——- specialise
Sweetsweeten
Strong ——- strengthen
Sure ——- ensure
Stupid ——- stupify
Short ——- shorten
Thick ——- thicken
Very ——- verify
White ——- whiten
Wide ——- widen
(Formation of Parts of Speech Word Formation)
B. FORMATION OF NOUNS FROM VERBS AND ADJECTIVES
In English, many Nouns are formed or derived from Verbs and Adjective by adding – ance, – ment, – ness, -sion, -ing, -age etc.
Note : When a syllable (or syllables) is placed at the end of a word to qualify its meaning and form a new word is called a Suffix. -ance, -ment, -ness, -sion, -ing, -age etc. are English suffixes.
A list of Nouns formed by placing or adding these suffixes to Verbs or Adjectives is given below:
Formation of Parts of Speech | Word Formation
(a) Formation of Nouns from Verbs.
Verbs ——- Nouns
Add ——- addition
Attend ——- attendance
Advise ——- advice
Abide ——- abode
Abolish ——- abolition
Abound ——- abundance
Accede ——- access
Accomplish ——- accomplishment
Allude ——- allusion
Allow ——- allowance
Approve ——- approval
Act ——- action
Admit ——- admittance, admission
Ascend ——- ascent
Attain ——- attainment
Bear ——- birth
Bless ——- bliss
Break ——- breach
Betray ——- betrayal
Behave ——- behaviour
Bind ——- bond
Carry ——- carriage
Compel ——- compulsion
Conceal ——- concealment
Concede ——- concession
Conquer ——- conquest
Confide ——- confidence
Choose ——- choice
Comply ——- compliance
Deny ——- denial
Die ——- death
Do ——- deed
Formation of Parts of Speech
Drink ——- drought
Descend ——- descent
Defy ——- defiance
Deceive ——- deceit
Decide ——- decision
Defend ——- defence
Depart ——- departure
Destroy ——- destruction
Err ——- error
Enter ——- entry, entrance
Exist ——- existence
Exceed ——- excess
Expel ——- expulsion
Fail ——- failure
Fly ——- flight
Feel ——- feeling
Go ——- gait
Give ——- gift
Grieve ——- grief
Grow ——- growth
Hate ——- hatred
Heal ——- health
Judge ——- judgement
Know ——- knowledge
Laugh ——- laughter
Leak ——- leakage
Lose ——- loss
Learn ——- learning
Lend ——- loan
Live ——- life
Maintain ——- maintenance
Move ——- movement
Marry ——- marriage
May ——- might
Mock ——- mockery
Mix ——- mixture
Obey ——- obedience
Oblige ——- obligation
Occupy ——- occupation
Offend ——- offence
Omit ——- omission
Pass ——- passage
Please ——- pleasure
Punish ——- punishment
Provide ——- provision
Pretend ——- pretence
Paralyse ——- paralysis
Prepare ——- preparation
Proceed ——- procedure
Propose ——- proposal
Receive ——- receipt
Relieve ——- relief
Respond ——- response
Refuse ——- refusal
Reduce ——- reduction
Repeat ——- repetition
Remove ——- removal
Remember ——- remembrance
Resign ——- resignation
See ——- sight
Sing ——- song
Sell ——- sale
Seize ——- seizure
Sit ——- seat
Sign ——- signature
Slay ——- slaughter
Speak ——- speech
Steal ——- stealth
Succeed ——- success
Sow ——- seed
Solve ——- solution
Strive ——- strife
Satisfy ——- satisfaction
Tell ——- tale
Try ——- trial
Think ——- thought
Thrive ——- thrift
Unite ——- union, unity
Vary ——- variation, variance
Weave ——- web
Formation of Parts of Speech | Word Formation
(b) Formation of Nouns from Adjectives.
Adjectives ——- Nouns
Able ——- ability
Absent ——- absence
Accurate ——- accuracy
Anxious ——- anxiety
Audacious ——- audacity
Bankrupt ——- bankruptcy
Brief ——- brevity
Broad ——- breadth
Brutal ——- brutality
Bitter ——- betterness
Certain ——- certainty
Chaste ——- chastity
Civil ——- civility
Cruel ——- cruelty
Curious ——- curiosity
Clean ——- cleanliness
Complete ——- completion
Deep ——- depth
Dense ——- density
Decent ——- decency
Different ——- difference
Dry – ——- —— dryness
Elegant ——- elegance
Equal ——- equality
False ——- falsehood
Fertile ——- fertility
Fond ——- fondness
Free ——- freedom
Firm ——- firmness
Fine ——- fineness
Ferocious ——- ferocity
Glad ——- gladness
Gay ——- gaiety
Grave ——- gravity
Generous ——- generosity
Hard ——- hardness
High ——- height
Humble ——- humility
Happy ——- happiness
Hostile ——- hostility
Hot ——- heat
Human ——- humanity, humanism
Just ——- justice
Local ——- locality
Large ——- largeness
Long ——- length
Low ——- lowness
Merry ——- merriment
Mortal ——- mortality
Moist ——- moisture
New ——- newness
Noble ——- nobility
Notorious ——- Notoriety
Pure ——- purity
Poor ——- poverty
Proper ——- propriety
Public ——- publicity
Pious ——- piety
Popular ——- popularity
Private ——- privacy
Real ——- reality
Red ——- redness
Rigid ——- rigidity
Rich ——- richness
Supreme ——- supremacy
Secret ——- secrecy
Simple ——- simplicity
Scarce ——- scarcity
Splendid ——- splendour
Sure ——- surity
Soft ——- softness
Special ——- speciality
Short ——- shortness
Safe ——- safety
Strong ——- strength
Vacant ——- vacancy
Vain ——- vanity
Vital ——- vitality
Various ——- variety
Weak ——- weakness
Wide ——- width
Weary ——- weariness
Wise ——- wisdom
Young ——- youth
(Formation of Parts of Speech Word Formation)
C. FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES FROM NOUNS AND VERBS
Adjectives may be derived or formed from Nouns by adding -at, -ful, -an, -ly, -able, -ish etc. and from Verbs by adding -tine -able etc.
Formation of Parts of Speech | Word Formation
(a) Formation of Adjectives from Nouns.
Nouns ——- Adjectives
Angle ——- angular
Air ——- airy
Autumn ——- autumnal
Asia ——- Asiatic, Asian
Accident ——- accidental
Brother ——- brotherly
Book ——- bookish
Body ——- bodily
Blood ——- bloody
Benefit ——- beneficial
Brute ——- brutal
Burma ——- Burmese
Colony ——- colonial
Charity ——- charitable
Crime ——- criminal
College ——- collegiate
Coward ——- cowardly
Circle ——- circular
Conscience ——- conscientious
Courage ——- courageous
Child ——- childish
China ——- Chinese
Day ——- daily, diurnal
Dream ——- dreamy
Duty ——- dutiful
Danger ——- dangerous
Earth ——- earthly
East ——- eastern
Empire ——- emperial
Enemy ——- inimical
Essence ——- essential
Envy ——- envious
Example ——- exemplary
England ——- English
Face ——- facial
Fame ——- famous
Father ——- fatherly
Fault ——- faulty
Fool ——- foolish
Friend ——- friendly
Gas ——- gaseous
God ——- godly
Gold ——- golden
Greece ——- Greek
Hand ——- handy
Heart ——- hearty
Heaven ——- heavenly
Home ——- homely
Honour ——- honorary, honorary
Ignorance ——- ignorant
Irony ——- ironical
Italy ——- Italian
Joy ——- joyful
Joke ——- jocose
King ——- kingly, royal
Law ——- lawful
Luxury ——- luxurious
Line ——- lunar
Lord ——- lordly
Love ——- lovely, loveable
Miracle ——- miraculous
Mouth ——- mouthly
Mother ——- motherly
Man ——- manly
Mystery ——- mysterious
Memory ——- memorable
Might ——- mighty
Machine ——- mechanical
Muscle ——- muscular
Milk ——- milky
Money ——- monetary
Merchant ——- merchantile
Neuter ——- neutral
Nature ——- natural
Orator ——- oratorial
Office ——- official, officious
Origin ——- original
Profit ——- profitable
Peace ——- peaceful
People ——- popular
Part ——- partial
Palace ——- palatial
Picture ——- picturesque
Pride ——- proud
Passion ——- passionate
Prose ——- prosaic
Practice ——- practical
Quarrel ——- quarrelsome
Ruin ——- ruinous
Right ——- righteous
Rome ——- Roman
Silver ——- silvery
Society ——- social
Spirit ——- spiritual
Snow ——- snowy
Spain ——-Spanish
Sun ——- sunny
Star ——- starry
Study ——- studious
Sweden ——- Swedish
Switzerland ——- Swiss
School ——- scholastic
Sympathy ——- sympathetic
Terror ——- terrible
Time ——- timely
Trouble ——- troublesome
Type ——- typical
Verb ——- verbal
Vice ——- vicious
Water ——- watery
Wool ——- woollen
Will ——- wilful
Woman ——- womanly
Wood ——- wooden
Yeary ——- early
Youth ——- youthful, young
Formation of Parts of Speech
(b) Formation of Adjectives from Verbs
Verbs ——- Adjectives
Eat ——- eatable
Drink ——- drinkable
Die ——- dead
Confide ——- confident
Live ——- lively
Obey ——- obedient
Exceed ——- excessive
Please ——- pleasant
Vary ——- various
(Formation of Parts of Speech Word Formation)
In addition to the list of Adjectives formed from English Nouns and Verbs, there are some Latin Adjectives that are so commonly used in English that now they are thought to be no more Latin but English. Latin Adjectives are generally formed from Nouns. A list of such words formed is given below.
(Formation of Parts of Speech Word Formation)
Nouns ——- (Latin) Adjectives
Body ——- corporal, corporeal
Boy ——- puerile
Blood ——- sanguine, sanguinary
City ——- civic
Country ——- rural
Cat ——- feline
Daughter/son ——- filial
Day ——- diurnal
Death ——- mortal
Dog ——- canine
Earth ——- terrestrial
Eagle ——- aquiline
End ——- final
Eye ——- ocular
Father ——- paternal
Flower ——- floral
Friend ——- amicable
Foot ——- pedal
God ——- divine
Hand ——- manual
Head ——- capital
Heaven ——- celestial
Home ——- domestic
Husband ——- conjugal
Hair ——- capillary
Horse ——- equestrian
King ——- royal, regal
Life ——- vital
Light ——- lucid
Male ——- masculine
Man ——- Human
Marriage ——- nuptial
Mind ——- mental
Mouth ——- oral
Moon ——- lunar
Money ——- pecuniary
Mother ——- maternal
Name ——- nominal
Night ——- nocturnal
Ox ——- bovine
Place ——- local
Point ——- punctual
Punishmentpenal
Ray ——- radiant
Root ——- radical
Rule ——- regular
Sight ——- lateral
Sky ——- etherial
Sun ——- solar
Star ——- astral
Salt ——- saline
Sea ——- marine
Sheep ——- ovine
Shepherd ——- pastoral
South ——- austral
Spring ——- vernal
Ship ——- naval, nautical
School ——- academic
Sight ——- visual
Time ——- temporal
Tongue ——- lingual
Taste ——- palatable
Tooth ——- dental
Town ——- urban
Village ——- rural
Water ——- aquatic
West ——- occidental
Wife ——- conjugal
Woman ——- feminine
Will ——- voluntary
Wood ——- Sylvan
Word ——- Verbal
Worldmundane
Youth ——- juvenile
Year ——- annual 0 0 0
(Formation of Parts of Speech Word Formation)
N.B. The article ‘Formation of Parts of Speech | Word Formation’ originally belongs to the book ‘School English Grammar Part- II‘ by Menonim Menonimus.
Books of Composition by M. Menonimus:
- Advertisement Writing
- Amplification Writing
- Note Making
- Paragraph Writing
- Notice Writing
- Passage Comprehension
- The Art of Poster Writing
- The Art of Letter Writing
- Report Writing
- Story Writing
- Substance Writing
- School Essays Part-I
- School Essays Part-II
- School English Grammar Part-I
- School English Grammar Part-II..
Books on Linguistics by M. Menonimus:
- A Brief History of the English Language
- Essays on Linguistics
- My Imageries
- Felicitous Expression: Some Examples
- Learners’ English Dictionary
Related Search:
- Home English Grammar
- Learn English
- Grammar-English for Students
- Easy English Grammar
- Basic English Grammar Lessons
- A Beginner’s Guide to Basic English Grammar …
- English Idioms and Phrases
- Transformation of Sentences
- Transformation of Sentences-Learn English
- Examples of Synonyms
- Synonyms and Antonyms
- Diminutives Difinition
- Foreign Words and Phrases-Infoplease
- Synonyms and Antonyms for Distinction
- Word Formation
